On this note, it is important to remember that Old English and Middle English were not the only languages spoken in England over the course of its medieval history, and languages such as Latin, Anglo-Norman, and Cornish were also commonly spoken across different periods of time in medieval England. The Central Middle English period, for example, saw the formation of literary and regional dialects (such as the London dialect displayed in Chaucer's writings) as well as an increased assimilation of Anglo-Norman vocabulary into its lexis. It is in fact because Middle English is considered to have evolved over three stages: Early Middle English from the twelfth to mid-thirteenth century, Central Middle English from the mid-thirteenth to the end of the fourteenth century, and Late Middle English in the fifteenth century. In this section, you will notice that some resources touch upon different time periods for Middle English.
MIDDLE ENGLISH TIME PERIOD FULL
Teachers of Old English in Britain and Ireland - TOEBI brings together a selection of language resources, manuscript collections, full texts and links to blogs and other media, curated for the teaching of Old English literature and language. Johnson, A Modern English - Old English Dictionary, first published in 1927.Ī Thesaurus of Old English - (Glasgow: University of Glasgow, 2017). The Old-English Dictionary - A online version of the PhD Thesis by Mary L. Napier’s Old English Lexicography - Napier, Arthur S., Contributions to old English lexicography (Hertford: Printed by Stephen Austin & Sons, 1906). Database of words in major late Middle English poems derived from Old Norse. Gersum - The Scandinavian Influence on English Vocabulary. The Glossary is also available in its entirety through the Internet Archive, as Latin-Anglo-Saxon Glossary, from the MS 144, preserved in the Library of Corpus Christ College, Cambridge, edited by J. The Project is ongoing, and letters A-D have currently been edited. The Épinal-Erfurt Glossary Project - The Épinal-Erfurt Glossary provides a Latin-Old English glossary as preserved in Cambridge, Corpus Christi College, MS 144. The Dictionary of Old English - The DOE covers the period 600-1150, and is a project from the University of Toronto designed to complement the Middle English Dictionary (1100-1500) and the Oxford English Dictionary. Northcote Toller.Ĭorpus of Narrative Etymologies (The University of Edinburgh) - Developed by the compilers of LAEME (Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English), CoNE and its accompanying Corpus of Changes (CC) record specific developments in language, whether orthographical, phonological, or morphological, through which the earliest forms of Old English developed into those recorded in LAEME.
Bosworth-Toller Dictionary of Old English - This project, initiated in 2001, digitises the work An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of the late Joseph Bosworth (first edition 1898), together with its Supplement (ed.
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